Respiration 2: Dark Part. 8th Grade lesson

New Term - new lesson! Enjoy!

 Exercise 1. Step one (individual work). Fill in the blanks by using given words and phrases:

throat           carbon dioxide                diffusion                 humidify                conducting zone              gas exchange               responsible                      major                               respiratory zone              out of the lungs

The breathing system is (A)_______ for getting oxygen and getting rid of (B)______, and helping in speech production and in sensing smells. From a functional perspective, the respiratory system can be divided into two (C)______ areas: the conducting zone and the (D)______. The conducting zone consists of all of the structures that provide passageways for air to travel into and (E)_______: the nasal cavity, throat, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioles. The nasal cavity helps to warm and (F)_____ incoming air, while removing dirts and pathogens. Then air travels through other structures of the (G)______ to the lungs.

The respiratory zone includes the structures of the lungs that are directly involved in (H)______: the bronchioles and alveoli. The lining of the conducting zone is composed mostly of pseudostratified hair-lined columnar epithelium. The mucus traps pathogens and dirts, whereas beating cilia move the mucus upwards to the (I)______, where it is swallowed. As the bronchioles become smaller and smaller, and nearer to the alveoli, the epithelium thins. The endothelium of the surrounding capillaries, together with the alveolar epithelium, forms the respiratory membrane. This is a blood-air barrier through which gas exchange happens by simple (J)______.

Step two (pair work): Compare your results with the correct answers shown by your teacher and discuss them with your partner.

Exercise 2 (individual work). Read the text and make graphic organiser - Mind Map.

“Asthma is common condition that affects the lungs in both adults and children. Approximately 10 percent of adults and 15 percent of children in the Russian Federation suffer from asthma. In addition, asthma is the cause of 80% death in children from 11 to 16 years old. Asthma is a chronic disease characterised by inflammation and fluid collecting in the tissues of the airway, and bronchospasms (constriction of the bronchioles), which can prevent air from entering the lungs. In addition, excessive mucus secretion can occur, which further contributes to airway closing. Cells of the immune system, such as eosinophils and mononuclear cells, may also be involved in infiltrating the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles.

Bronchospasms occur periodically and lead to an “asthma attack.” An attack may be triggered by environmental factors such as dust, pollen, pet hair, or dander, changes in the weather, mould, tobacco smoke, and respiratory infections, or by exercise and stress.”

Exercise 3 (individual work). Watch the video and answer the questions (https://goo.gl/fdAGhB): Check if you know these words before watching.

unconscious                              flattening

to unload                                    to exhale

intercostal                                  to force

1.      Why is it better that the lungs are spongy rather than empty like a balloon?

2.    How do you think your breathing and lungs adapt when you're exercising?