10th

Video1, then Video2

Nervous System for 8ths. Reflexes. Dreams.

Horizontal section of the Head of an adult female

NS 3. Reflexes. Dreams.

Learning Outcomes

Content: to Identify the anatomical and functional differences between types of reflexes; to learn theories of why do we dream.

Language: to be able to explain somatic and autonomic reflexes control.

ЦРФЕ ВЩ НЩГ ЛТЩЦ ФИЩГЕ КУАДУЧУЫ,

1 (pair work). Answer questions after reading the text below.

True or False. Correct the false sentences. Use the the text below.

A___The medulla controls the autonomic system.

B___Autonomic reflexes are more specific.

C___Somatic reflexes are more specific.

2 (individual work). Answer the questions using the text below.

1. What are differences between autonomic and somatic reflexes?
2. What are the functions of medulla in terms of autonomic control?

Example of autonomic reflex: “The pupillary light reflex begins when light hits the retina and causes a signal to travel along the optic nerve. This is visual sensation, because this reflex is simply sharing the special sense pathway. Bright light hitting the retina leads to the parasympathetic response, through the eye nerve, which stimulates the circular fibres of the iris to contract and constrict the pupil. When light hits the retina in one eye, both pupils contract. When that light is removed, both pupils dilate again back to the resting position. When the stimulus is presented to only one eye, the response is to both eyes”. The same is not true for somatic reflexes. If you touch a hot radiator, you only pull that arm back, not both. Central control of autonomic reflexes is different than for somatic reflexes. The hypothalamus, along with other CNS locations, controls the autonomic system.The medulla (продолговатый мозг) contains cells referred to as the cardiovascular centre, which controls the smooth and cardiac muscle of the cardiovascular system through autonomic connections.

3 (pair work). This is the key vocabulary for the DREAMS video. Do you know meaning of these words and phrases? Use a dictionary to match the words with their translation.

research

persistence

nightmare

conscious

repression

maze

napping

to dump

rehearse

4 (individual work). Answer questions after watching the video (https://goo.gl/nBLLc5).

1. List the theories of why do we dream.
2. Why is it so difficult to come up with a single, definitive theory about why we dream?
3. Which theory (or theories) of dreaming do you believe is the best explanation for why we dream? Please explain why you think so.

NS 2. BYOD lesson. 8th Grade

Title: The Nervous System 2

Learning Outcomes

Content: to Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system; to relate the functional and structural differences between SNS and ANS.

Language: to list the basic functions of the SNS and ANS; to recall main events in reflex

1 (individual work). Match the given words with the numbers on the picture by using information from last lesson.

1. Cell Membrane
2. Axon
3. Synapse
4. Cell Body
5. Dendrites

2 (pair work). True or False. Correct the false sentences. Use the text below.

A___We can control a movement of stomach by using the SNS.

B___Control of adrenaline secretion happens by ANS.

C___ANS is controlled by CNS.

D___We feel something by our CNS and PNS as well.

3 (individual work). Answer the questions using text below.

1. What are functions of somatic nervous system?
2. What causes small intestine to move?

4 (team work). Discuss your answers.

The nervous system can also be divided on the basis of how it controls the body. The somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for functions that result in moving skeletal muscles. Any sensory or integrative functions that result in the movement of skeletal muscle would be considered somatic. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for functions that affect cardiac or smooth muscle tissue, or that cause glands to produce their secretions. Autonomic functions are distributed between central and peripheral regions of the nervous system. The sensations that lead to autonomic functions can be the same sensations that are part of initiating somatic responses. Somatic and autonomic integrative functions may overlap as well!

5 (individual work). Write a story using information from the picture “How reflex works”.

7й класс. Материалы к уроку

 LINK IS HERE

6й класс. Материалы к уроку

 LINK ССЫЛКА

10th Grade. Quiz

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8th Grade BYOD lesson. Nervous System 1

The structures of the PNS are referred to as ganglia and nerves, which can be seen as distinct structures.

Hey there everyone. Today we are going to cover general structure of the nervous system. If you have any question or comments email me at ildar.yakhin@litsey7.com or just go and see me. Enjoy the lesson!

The Nervous System. General Structure

Learning Outcomes

Content: to Identify the anatomical and functional divisions of the nervous system; to relate the functional and structural differences between grey matter and white matter structures of the nervous system to the structure of neurons.

Language: to be able to list the basic functions of the nervous system.

1 (team work). Explain this text to your group after reading the paragraph. Check if you understand whole!

The nervous system can be separated into divisions on the basis of anatomy and physiology. The anatomical divisions are the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). The CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is everything else. The brain is contained within the skull, and the spinal cord is contained within the vertebral column. The peripheral nervous system is named peripheral because it is on the periphery—meaning beyond the brain and spinal cord. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into those regions that are responsible for sensation, those that are responsible for integration, and those that are responsible for making responses. All of these functional areas are found in both the central and peripheral parts.

Nervous tissue presents in both the CNS and PNS and contains two basic types of cells: neurons and glial cells. A glial cell provides basic structure of tissue that supports the neurons and their activities. A neuron is more functionally important in terms of the communicative function of the nervous system. To describe the functional divisions of the nervous system, it is important to understand the structure of a neuron. Neurons are cells and therefore have a cell body but they also have extensions of the cell; each extension is generally referred to as a process. There is one important process that every neuron has called an axon, which is the fiber that connects a neuron with its target. Another type of process that branches off from the cell body is the dendrite. Dendrites are responsible for receiving most of the input from other neurons. Looking at nervous tissue, there are regions that predominantly contain cell bodies and regions that are largely composed of just axons. These two regions within nervous system structures are often referred to as grey matter (the regions with many cell bodies and dendrites) or white matter (the regions with many axons). The white matter is white because axons are insulated by a fat-rich substance called myelin.

Multipolar Neuron
2 (individual work). Fill in the blanks by using text above.

Structure	Function
glial cell
	communicative function of the nervous system
white matter
	process that branches off from the cell body

3 (individual work). Fill in the blanks by using words and phrases below.

spinal cord
physiology
brain
PNS
CNS
sensation
generating responses
anatomy
grey matter

The nervous system can be separated into divisions on the basis of (A)___ and (B)___. The CNS is the (C)___ and (D)___. The (E)___ is everything else. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into those regions that are responsible for (F)___, those that are responsible for integration, and those that are responsible for (G)___. All of these functional areas are found in both the central and peripheral anatomy.

Nervous tissue can also be described as (H)___ and white matter on the basis of its appearance in tissue. These descriptions are more often used in the (I)___.

HW (individual work). Write summary after watching the video.

It is an Experiment BRO: DNA Extraction from ... << 9-10th Grades only >>

DNA is the genetic (hereditary) material in all cells. The experiment described below allows you to take DNA from fruit (onion in this case).

To understand the important principles behind this step, it is not essential to do this experiment at this stage or, in fact, at all. If you are not able to carry out this experiment, read through the details below and try to work out why the procedure works in the way it does - a few questions have been posted at the end of the method to help you think about this.

If you are studying this course with other people, you might want to think about doing the experiment together

If you do plan to carry out this experiment, you will need to read the instructions carefully and do some planning before starting it.

Materials required

For this experiment you will need:

• Fruit – Kiwi, Strawberries, Banana, and Onion all work well!
• 5 g washing up liquid
• 2 g salt
• 100 ml tap water
• 100 ml of ice cold alcohol (isopropyl alcohol can usually be found at the pharmacists); put in a freezer for at least 30 mins before starting the experiment
• Access to hot water - about 60 °C
• Sieve or coffee filter paper
• Two glass beakers (or old jam-jars)
• Several bowls of different sizes, including a large bowl for making a water bath
• Safety spectacles - if desired

Experiment to purify DNA from fruit

Step 1: Mash up the fruit of your choice in a bowl. Onion works well by the way. (Remove the skin, we just want the insides!)

Step 2: In a separate bowl, mix the washing up liquid, salt and tap water. Stir gently trying to avoid making too many bubbles in the mixture. This is your extraction buffer.

Step 3: Add the fruit to the extraction buffer and mix again. Mash your fruit sample as much as you can, but again, try to avoid making too many bubbles.

Step 4: Make a water bath with a temperature of about 60 °C. (A large washing up bowl works well for this.) Leave the fruit extraction mixture to incubate for 5-10 minutes.

Step 5: After 5-10 minutes, filter your fruit mixture through a fine sieve. This will remove all the solid material that you don’t want. You should be left with a clear(ish) liquid.

Step 6: Take the ice cold alcohol and very slowly, drop by drop, pour it down the inside of the container with your fruit mixture. What you want to do is produce a layer of the alcohol floating on top of the fruit mixture.

Step 7: At the interface between the alcohol and the fruit mixture, you should see a white cloud-like substance forming. Use a hook (a bent paperclip would work) to slowly draw the DNA up and out of the solution.

Questions to think about

1. Look at each step of the protocol. What are the different steps and reagents (washing-up liquid, salt, water, alcohol) used for in the experiment?
2. How are you able to see the DNA?
3. Do you think that the sample you have prepared is “pure DNA”?